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Thomas Lionel Hodgkin
Thomas Lionel Hodgkin (3 April 1910 – 25 March 1982) was an English Marxist historian of Africa "who did more than anyone to establish the serious study of African history" in the UK.〔''The Times'', 26 March 1982.〕 His wife was the Nobel Prize-winning scientist Dorothy Hodgkin.
==Life==
Thomas Lionel Hodgkin was born at Mendip House, Headington Hill, near Oxford. Named after his grandfather, the historian Thomas Hodgkin,〔 he was the son of Robert Howard Hodgkin, Provost of Queen's College, Oxford, and Dorothy Forster Smith, daughter of the historian Alfred Lionel Smith.〔Michael Wolfers, ("Hodgkin, Thomas Lionel (1910–1982)" ), ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, January 2008; accessed 15 Jan 2010.〕 Hodgkin was educated at Winchester and Balliol College, Oxford, before using a demyship at Magdalen College, Oxford, to travel, spending 1932-3 on John Garstang's archaeological dig at Jericho.〔 From 1934 to 1936 Hodgkin was in the Palestine civil service, for some time being a personal secretary to High Commissioner Wauchope. There, Hodgkin started to become critical of British imperialism. Resigning from the colonial service after the April 1936 Arab uprising, he hoped to stay in Palestine but was ordered to leave by the British administration.〔
Returning to London, where he stayed with his father's cousin Margery Fry and joined the Communist Party, Hodgkin briefly tried training as a schoolteacher, before entering adult education.〔 He met and married Dorothy Crowfoot in 1937. In 1939, declared ineligible for military service on medical grounds (he suffered from narcolepsy), Hodgkin became a Workers' Educational Association tutor in north Staffordshire. In September 1945 he became Secretary of the Oxford delegacy for extra-mural studies, and a Balliol fellow.〔("HODGKIN, Thomas Lionel" ), ''Who Was Who'', A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, December 2007; accessed 15 January 2010.〕 He first visited the Gold Coast in 1947, and became interested in African history as well as the contemporary problems of African nationalism. Befriending Kwame Nkrumah in 1951, he published a pamphlet for the Union of Democratic Control supporting independence for the Gold Coast.〔
In 1952 Hodgkin left his Oxford job and travelled in Africa. After publishing ''Nationalism in Colonial Africa'' (1956), he became interested in Africa's Islamic history. He took part-time appointments at Northwestern University in Illinois and McGill University in Montreal, was joint secretary of a commission on reform of Ghana's universities, and in 1962 returned to Ghana for three years to head the new Institute of African Studies at the University of Ghana. From 1965 until his 1970 retirement he was Lecturer in the Government of New States at Oxford University.〔
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